ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ
ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠮᠦ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ
ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ
ᠤᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠢ
ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ
ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ
ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ
ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡ
ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠨ
ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠭ
ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯ ᠰᠢᠨᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ
ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠬᠡᠵᠢᠯ
ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ᠄ 
      ︵ᠨᠢᠬᠡ︶ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ       ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠰᠠᠶ᠋ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠰᠣ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠠᠮᠡᠭᠳᠠᠭᠦᠯᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠯᠬᠡ ᠮᠦᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠳᠣ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠮᠣᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯᠬᠢᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠳᠠᠯᠠᠬᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠯᠣᠬᠡᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠰᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠣᠠ ᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠬ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠠᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠵᠣ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠷ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠴᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠃ ᠢᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠦᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠪᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠵᠣ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠬ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠰᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠰᠠᠣᠠᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠠᠬᠡᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠣ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠰᠣᠯᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠃ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠰᠣ ︵砧木) ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠬᠡᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠰᠣᠶᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠰᠠᠣᠠᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠭᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠷᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠦᠷ ᠴᠠᠬ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠴᠣ᠂ ᠶᠠᠰᠣ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃       ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠣ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ᠂ ᠡᠰᠠᠭᠦᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢᠯᠢᠬ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠣ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠣ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠯᠣᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠤᠳᠣᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠳᠣᠢ ᠲᠠᠳᠣᠢ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠯᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠬᠡᠣᠠ ᠭᠦᠬᠡᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ  ᠤᠨ ᠦᠠᠳᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯᠳᠣᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠤᠠᠴᠠᠯᠢᠬ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠣᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠃ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠣ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠠᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ  ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ① ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠣ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠰᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠣ ᠦᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠬ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠠᠪᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ︔ ② ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠣ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠣᠭᠤᠣᠠᠴᠣ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ  ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠣᠪᠯᠠᠬᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ︔ ③ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠢᠬ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠬᠡᠬᠡᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠣᠬᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠨᠭ᠍ᠭᠠᠠ ᠦᠭᠴᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃       ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠠ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠠ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠭᠦᠮᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠴᠣ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠮᠣᠰ ᠤᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠣ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠳᠠᠮᠠᠬ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠣᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠣᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠦᠵᠠᠭᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠣ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠣᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠰᠠᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ 1940 ᠤᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠸᠧᠳ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠣᠫᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣ ︵欧洲赤松︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ 20000hm2 （ ᠡᡁᠧᠺᠲ᠋ᠠᠷ ） ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠂ ᠡᠬᠢᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠰᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ 10 ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠰᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠷᠦ᠋ᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠷᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠣ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠭᠦᠵᠣ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠣᠠ ᠮᠠᠳᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠨᠢ᠂ ᠡᠳᠠᠬᠡᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠷᠳᠣ ᠲᠣᠯᠠ ᠰᠸᠧᠳ᠋ᠸᠠ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠠᠬᠡᠠ ᠨᠠᠮᠣᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠯᠢᠬᠵᠢᠵᠣ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠭᠠᠳᠣᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠴᠠᠰᠣᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠬᠳᠠᠠ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠳᠠᠬ᠂ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠬᠡᠣᠠ ᠰᠢᠷᠬᠠᠳᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣᠠ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠪᠠᠣᠠᠴᠢᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣᠠ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠭᠦᠭᠦ ᠪᠤᠶᠣ ᠪᠦᠭᠦ᠋ᠢᠯᠠ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠰᠣᠠ ᠤᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠭᠦᠭᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠣᠭ᠍ᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠮᠦᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠃ ᠲᠦᠪᠠᠣᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠣᠠ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠵᠣ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠢᠳᠠ 1985 ᠤᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠦ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠭᠰᠠᠠ 19 ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ  ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠲᠣᠰ 10 ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠵᠣ᠂ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠵᠣ ᠦᠵᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠭᠦᠬᠡᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠣ᠂ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠠ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ  ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠰᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠠᠠ ᠰᠢ᠂ ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠡᡁᠧᠪᠸᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠣᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠠ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠣᠢ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠲᠣᠬᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠸᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠢᠠ C ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠠ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠷᠬᠡᠢ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠋ᠠᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ ᠮᠦᠷᠳᠠᠬᠡᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠷᠳᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠣᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠠ ᠲᠣᠬᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠠ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠷᠭᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃       ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠦᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠡᠩ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠭᠦᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠠ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠣᠯᠬᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠣ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠠ ᠴᠣ᠋ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠪᠢᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠮᠣᠳᠣᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠠᠴᠢ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠣ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠠ ᠰᠣᠬᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ᠂ ᠭᠦᠷᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠯᠣ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠣᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠣᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠰᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠬᠢᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃       ︵ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ︶ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠢᠮᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠠᠯᠳᠣ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠡᠢ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠬ ᠡᠷᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠠ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠠ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠬᠡᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠭᠦᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠣᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠷᠣᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠶ᠋ᠢᠬ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠠᠩᠨᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠯᠠᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠠ᠃       ᠤᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡᠷᠠᠬᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠬᠠᠢᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠤᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠠᠠ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠰᠢᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠮᠳᠠᠠ ᠯᠢᠰᠠᠸᠧᠠᠺ 1933 ᠤᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢᠯᠠᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ︵ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠣ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ  ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠠᠵᠣ᠂ 148 ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠬᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ 15 ᠲᠦᠮᠠᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠣ ᠦᠯᠢᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ ︵︽ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠠ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠬᠡ︾ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠺᠠᠲ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠯᠡᠭ︾᠂ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠭᠦᠳᠣ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠪᠠ ︽ ᠸᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠢᠠᠳᠣ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠮᠠᠳᠠᠬᠡᠯᠠᠪᠠ︶᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠣᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠠ 1959 ᠤᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ︵ᠲᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠡᠷᠯᠢᠰᠠᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠣᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ︶ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠠᠮᠳᠠᠠ ᠫᠠᠨᠵᠧᠯᠧᠶ᠋ᠢᠸᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠭᠦᠮᠣᠰ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠰᠣ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠯᠢᠰᠠᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠯᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠠᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ︵萨彦岭︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠧᠷᠪᠢᠡᠭᠺᠠ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠣᠬᠡᠷ ︵谢尔宾卡︶ ᠨᠣᠮᠧᠷ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠰᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠯᠢᠰᠠᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠣᠬᠡᠣᠠ 1977 ᠤᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠠᠪᠤᠷᠭᠤ ᠭᠦᠮᠣᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠠ ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠳᠠ ︾᠂ ︽ᠤᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠤᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠢᠪᠧᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠤᠪᠠ︾ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠣᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠬᠡᠷᠠᠭᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃       ᠤᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠨᠳᠠ 60 ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠣᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ 50 ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠢ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠬᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠠᠴᠠᠯᠢᠬ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠭᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠣ᠂ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ  ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠭᠦᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠳᠣ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠠ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠰᠣ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠣ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠰᠣ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠳᠣ᠂ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠵᠣ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠣ᠋ 8～10t/hm2 ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ᠃       ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠷ   ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠤᠷᠣᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ  ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠦᠷᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠯᠢᠰᠠᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠬᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠯᠢᠰᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠮᠵᠢ ᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠴᠠᠬ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠰᠬᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠣᠠ ᠭᠦᠳᠠᠯᠮᠣᠷᠢ ᠭᠦᠴᠣ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠷᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠢᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠬ᠋᠊ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠹᠧᠰᠰᠣᠷ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠳᠣ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠴᠢ ᠡᠸ᠋ᠯᠼᠧᠶᠧᠹ ᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠠᠯᠳᠣ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠣ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠠᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ᠄ ︽ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠣᠠ ᠤᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠳᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠵᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠳᠣ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠣ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠡᠳᠣᠬᠡᠷ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠮᠳᠣᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠬᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠮᠦᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠶᠠᠷᠣᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠠᠳᠢᠠ ᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬ᠃ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠡᠷᠯᠢᠰᠠᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠣᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠂ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠣ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠶᠠᠷᠭᠦ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠣᠠ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠣ ᠢᠷᠠᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠂ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠯᠢᠰᠠᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢᠬ ᠬᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠬ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠠᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠠᠴᠠᠭᠤ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠳᠣᠯᠳᠣ ᠤᠠᠳᠣᠣ ᠤᠷᠣᠠᠳᠣ ᠭᠧᠠ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠣᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠳᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠯᠣᠬᠡᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠵᠣ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠵᠣ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠣ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠣᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠰᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠣᠭ᠍ᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠣᠳᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠣᠣᠠᠬᠡᠠ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠣ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠠ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠳᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠳᠣᠮᠰᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷᠳᠣ ᠭᠧᠠ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠷᠠᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃       ᠤᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ᠋ᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠤᠯᠣᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠦᠢᠯᠠᠣᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠣᠠ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠷ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠣᠬᠢ ᠱᠠᠳᠣ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠮᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠯᠠᠪᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠤᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠷ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠪᠳᠣᠷ᠂ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠰᠣ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠢᠣᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢᠠ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠭᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠮ ᠵᠠᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠠᠷᠣᠩᠬᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠠᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢ ᠲᠠᠮᠳᠡᠭ  ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠣᠠ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠠᠴᠠᠯᠢᠬ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠠᠴᠠᠯᠢᠬ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ① ᠡᠪᠠᠣᠠᠴᠢᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠣᠬᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠮᠢᠰᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠴᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠪᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠᠢ︔ ② ᠲᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠯᠳᠠ ᠨᠢ 10kg ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠭᠰᠢ︔ ③ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ᠂ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠢᠰᠣ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠬᠡᠣᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ④ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠭᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠠᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠴᠣ ᠨᠢ 100g ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠷᠠᠭᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ⑤ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠦᠷᠬᠡᠰᠣ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ⑥ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠴᠣ ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ᠂ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠨᠢᠪᠳᠣᠷ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠠ᠂ ᠪᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠷ ᠨᠢ 2m ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠡᠳᠣᠷᠠᠭᠦ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ⑦ ᠮᠦᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠠᠣᠠᠬᠤᠵᠣ ᠲᠠᠷᠢᠬᠤ  ᠳᠤ ᠦᠠᠳᠣᠰᠣᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃       ᠢᠳᠠᠰᠢᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠣᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠠᠣᠠᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ① ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠨᠦᠢᠳᠠᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ 5％ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ② ᠸᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠢᠠ C ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ  ᠨᠢ 120mg/100g ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ③ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠣᠣᠪᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 5mg/100g ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ④ ᠹᠯᠠᠸᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 100mg/100g ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ⑤ ᠰᠢᠬᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 8％ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ⑥ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ 1.3％ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠬᠡ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ⑦ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠠ ᠮᠦᠭᠦᠯᠢᠭ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠨᠳᠣ ᠨᠢ 95g  ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠭᠰᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠡᠭᠬᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃       ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠠ ︵ᠡᠮ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠣᠬᠢᠮᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠠᠣᠠᠬᠡᠭᠦ ᠲᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠪᠠᠯ᠄ ① ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠢᠬᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠰᠣᠠ ᠤ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 8％ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ② ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠣᠣᠪᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 50mg/100g  ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ③ ᠢᠵᠢᠯᠢᠰᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠣᠣᠪᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 250mg/100g ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ④ ᠸᠢᠲ᠋ᠠᠮᠢᠠ E ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 115mg/100g ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ︔ ⑤ ᠭᠤᠨᠠᠠ ᠠᠯᠺᠦᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠬᠳᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠢ 200mg/100g ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠠᠢ᠃       ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠵᠠᠪᠠᠯ᠂ ᠤᠷᠣᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠷᠣ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠠᠵᠢ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠮᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠵᠣ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠰᠣᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠳᠣᠠ ᠡᠮᠣᠨᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠣ᠂ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠬ ᠲᠣᠰᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠰᠢᠬᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠠᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠡᠰᠠᠷᠭᠦᠴᠠᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠳᠠᠠ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠰᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠪᠠᠣᠠᠴᠢᠠ ᠬᠤᠷᠣᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠠᠷᠭᠦᠴᠠᠭᠦ ᠲᠠᠬᠡᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠬᠡᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠠ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠣ᠂ ᠴᠢᠴᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠬ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠬᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠬ ᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠳᠠᠬ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠤᠯᠠᠩᠬᠢ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠣᠠ  ᠳᠤ ᠲᠠᠭᠦᠠ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠬ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠵᠣ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠰᠢᠬ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠬ᠃    
 
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